Zdzisław Hryciów
Badania eksperymentalne współczynnika tarcia pomiędzy piórami resoru wielopiórowego z uwzględnieniem stanu powierzchni ciernych
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań symulacyjnych węzłów tarcia występujących pomiędzy piórami resoru, z uwzględnieniem stanu powierzchni współpracujących oraz wpływu prędkości ich wzajemnego przemieszczania, na wartości współczynników tarcia. Zaproponowano metodykę wyznaczania współczynników statycznych i kinetycznych tarcia. Do badań przygotowano dwa rodzaje próbek, które wycięto z pióra resoru prototypowego - tworzyły one modelowe pary cierne. Oceniono stan powierzchni próbek i wybrane właściwości mechaniczne. W badaniach eksperymentalnych uwzględniono: cztery prędkości poślizgu, cztery warianty stanu powierzchni oraz dwie wartości obciążenia normalnego. Badania par ciernych wykonano na stanowisku laboratoryjnym do pomiaru siły tarcia. Wyniki badań przedstawiono w postaci przebiegów czasowych siły tarcia, wykresów i zestawień tabelarycznych współczynników tarcia. Wykonano analizę porównawczą wyników w celu określenia wpływu warunków badań, na wartości wyznaczonych współczynników tarcia. Zaproponowane warunki badań są zbliżone do typowych warunków eksploatacyjnych pojazdów drogowych.
The experimental tests on the friction coefficient between the leaves of the multi-leaf spring considering a condition of the friction surfaces
In this study are presented the results of the simulation tests of the friction pairs occurring between the spring leaves while considering a condition of the mating surfaces and an impact of the velocity of their mutual dislocation on the values of the friction coefficients. It has been proposed a methodology in respect of a determination of the coefficients of the static and kinetic friction. Two kinds of the specimens have been prepared for the tests, which have been cut out from a spring leaf of the prototype spring – they have created the model friction pairs. The condition of the specimen surface and their selected mechanical properties have been evaluated. During the experimental tests have been considered: four sliding velocities, four variants of the surface conditions and two values of the normal load. The tests of the friction pairs have been performed at the laboratory stand for measuring the friction force. The results of the tests have been presented in a form of the time courses of friction force, graphs and tabular summaries of the friction coefficients. It has been conducted a comparative analysis of the results in order to determine an influence of the test results on the values of the determined friction coefficients. The proposed research conditions are approximate to the typical operating conditions of the road vehicles.
The influence of temperature on the damping characteristic of hydraulic shock absorbers
This paper presents the results of bench-tests and calculations assessing the influence of temperature on the performance of a two-pipe hydraulic shock absorber. The shock absorber prepared for the tests was cooled with dry ice to a temperature corresponding to that associated with the average winter conditions in a temperate climate. The temperature range of the shock absorber during testing was ensured via equipping it with a thermocouple and monitoring it with a thermal imaging camera. During testing, the shock absorber was subjected to kinematic forces of a selected frequency with two different, fixed displacement amplitudes. The results of the tests showed a direct correlation between the decrease of component resistance at lower temperatures. The rate of change in resistance was higher at lower temperatures. It was also found that the energy dissipated in one shock cycle decreased linearly with an increasing temperature. Finally, a method for determining the ideal use temperature of the shock absorber for the assumed operating conditions was also presented.